一般情況下35KV變(bian)壓器(qi)按照設(she)備損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)程度(du)統計結果。下(xia)面山東永昌變壓器有(you)(you)限公司進行下(xia)詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)分析：輕度(du)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)就是指設(she)備的(de)(de)繞組有(you)(you)變形(xing),引線被(bei)燒斷,但絕緣(yuan)未損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai);中度(du)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)是指繞組明顯變形(xing),繞組或(huo)引線被(bei)燒斷,絕緣(yuan)受到一定程度(du)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai);重(zhong)度(du)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)是指繞組嚴重(zhong)變形(xing)、變壓器繞組的(de)(de)短路電磁力(li)作用下(xia)的(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)壞(huai)(huai)模式(shi)主要有(you)(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)種形(xing)式(shi)：

    (1)繞(rao)組(zu)變形導致匝絕緣破裂引起(qi)匝間(jian)短路，這種故障形式(shi)是(shi)直徑較小(xiao)的(de)小(xiao)型配電變壓器受幅向拉伸電磁(ci)力作用在短路事故中(zhong)損壞的(de)主要形式(shi)。

    (2)繞組(zu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)導致(zhi)主(zhu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度降低而造成(cheng)主(zhu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)擊穿，繞組(zu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)導致(zhi)主(zhu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強度降低，從而造成(cheng)主(zhu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)的擊穿事(shi)故，這是受幅向拉伸短路(lu)力(li)作用的中型以上(shang)電力(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器繞組(zu)的主(zhu)要損壞模式。因此，在進行(xing)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器繞組(zu)短路(lu)強度設(she)計時，必須考(kao)慮繞組(zu)在短路(lu)電磁力(li)作用下(xia)殘余變(bian)(bian)形(xing)的積累效應。

    (3)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)幅向失穩(wen)，由于緊靠鐵心(xin)放(fang)置的(de)(de)變壓(ya)器內繞組(zu)或多繞組(zu)變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)中(zhong)間繞組(zu)，在(zai)短路狀況下，可(ke)能受到幅向短路電磁力(li)所引起的(de)(de)周向壓(ya)縮作用。中(zhong)型以上變壓(ya)器內繞組(zu)的(de)(de)幅向失穩(wen)是變壓(ya)器在(zai)幅向短路電磁力(li)作用下損(sun)壞的(de)(de)主要表現形式。

    (4)繞(rao)組的軸(zhou)向失穩，繞(rao)組的軸(zhou)向失穩是受短路軸(zhou)向電動(dong)力(li)和短路幅向電動(dong)力(li)共同(tong)作用的繞(rao)組損壞(huai)的主要形式。

    (5)三(san)(san)相變壓器(qi)繞組的整體位移(yi)(yi)與傾斜，變壓器(qi)繞組的整體位移(yi)(yi)與傾斜發生(sheng)在(zai)三(san)(san)相對稱短(duan)路故障的情況(kuang)下。

    由我國自主設計(ji)研發的(de)(de)國內首臺1000MVA/1000kV有(you)載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)全(quan)部順利通過出廠試驗，這標志著世界首臺1000MVA/1000kV級有(you)載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在中(zhong)國西電(dian)(dian)研制(zhi)成功(gong)。該產品(pin)的(de)(de)成功(gong)研制(zhi)，對于我國1000kV交(jiao)流特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)工程的(de)(de)發展、提高(gao)(gao)線路運行(xing)的(de)(de)安全(quan)可靠性具有(you)重要的(de)(de)意義(yi)。同時(shi)為中(zhong)國西電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)板(ban)塊企業(ye)更加全(quan)面地掌握特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)核(he)心技術、提高(gao)(gao)特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)規模(mo)化(hua)生(sheng)產制(zhi)造能力(li)(li)、穩(wen)定特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產質(zhi)量(liang)，提升企業(ye)的(de)(de)創新能力(li)(li)和(he)核(he)心競(jing)爭力(li)(li)創造了條件，并(bing)為擴(kuo)大特高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)市場的(de)(de)占有(you)份額奠定了堅實的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

    變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)套管(guan)內(nei)部嚴重缺油造成事(shi)故(gu)下(xia)面我們舉(ju)個例子事(shi)件經(jing)過，8月14日20時47分220千(qian)伏(kV)某(mou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)所一聲巨響，SSPSL-150000/220/Y0/Y0/D高(gao)備(bei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)220千(qian)伏(kV)側W相(xiang)套管(guan)爆(bao)炸著火。主控制室警(jing)鈴、警(jing)報響，中(zhong)央信號盤“主機(ji)、主變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)掉牌”信號表示，高(gao)備(bei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)盤“壓力(li)下(xia)降”、“瓦(wa)斯回路(lu)故(gu)障”、“輕瓦(wa)斯動作”、“通風回路(lu)故(gu)障”信號表示，開(kai)關掉閘(zha)。高(gao)備(bei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)220千(qian)伏(kV)側W相(xiang)套管(guan)著火，人員迅速打(da)119報警(jing)，同時拉開(kai)高(gao)備(bei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)三(san)側開(kai)關、刀(dao)閘(zha)，組織救火，接到報警(jing)后，相(xiang)關人員將火撲滅。

    山東永(yong)昌(chang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有限公(gong)司經(jing)分析認為(wei)，由(you)于(yu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)部嚴重(zhong)缺油，加之有潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)侵入，(該地(di)(di)區持(chi)續下(xia)雨)在套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)部導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)桿上(shang)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)容芯(xin)上(shang)邊緣(yuan)處，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布不均勻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度(du)(du)大、對地(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位高(gao)，先(xian)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈和(he)局(ju)部放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)容芯(xin)表面(mian)爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)后(hou)經(jing)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)法蘭和(he)箱體及地(di)(di)線(xian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿(變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)器(qi)身接(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)已熔斷)，造成W相套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)接(jie)地(di)(di)性故障(zhang)，并引起套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)爆炸，引發套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)絕緣(yuan)油的燃燒起火(huo)。對變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)本體產(chan)生高(gao)溫烘烤，使得變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)W相附近局(ju)部溫度(du)(du)急(ji)劇(ju)升高(gao)，在高(gao)溫作(zuo)用下(xia)氧化、分解而(er)析出各種成分的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體，內(nei)部形(xing)成氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)，造成矽膠罐密封薄弱處向(xiang)外(wai)噴(pen)油。與此(ci)同時(shi)新機高(gao)備(bei)變(bian)(bian)重(zhong)瓦斯保護(hu)動作(zuo)。造成W相套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)燒損(sun)的主要原因(yin)是該套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)缺油，潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)侵入或可(ke)能進水而(er)引發沿面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿，最(zui)后(hou)導(dao)致套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)爆炸。

    為(wei)了避(bi)(bi)免類似事(shi)(shi)故的(de)(de)發(fa)生我們需要采取的(de)(de)措施(shi)1 嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)《關于(yu)防(fang)止電(dian)力設(she)備(bei)事(shi)(shi)故的(de)(de)25項重點要求》，按照可(ke)操作、可(ke)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，認真(zhen)制(zhi)定反事(shi)(shi)故措施(shi)計劃并認真(zhen)加以執行(xing)(xing)(xing)和考核。2 認真(zhen)貫徹執行(xing)(xing)(xing)預防(fang)性(xing)試驗(yan)規程，做(zuo)到(dao)不漏項，可(ke)核查(cha)(cha)。針對(dui)(dui)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)、套(tao)管、斷路器(qi)(qi)等(deng)充油(you)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)油(you)品質(zhi)(zhi)量進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)嚴格(ge)監督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)，做(zuo)到(dao)定期(qi)巡查(cha)(cha)，定期(qi)取樣化(hua)驗(yan)。對(dui)(dui)所(suo)有220千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(kV)、35千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(kV)油(you)浸(jin)設(she)備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)面認真(zhen)細致的(de)(de)普(pu)查(cha)(cha)。尤其是油(you)位(wei)、油(you)溫、環境溫度的(de)(de)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)。3 對(dui)(dui)所(suo)有220千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(kV)、35千(qian)伏(fu)(fu)(kV)油(you)浸(jin)設(she)備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)油(you)色譜和油(you)質(zhi)(zhi)特性(xing)試驗(yan)。驗(yan)報告，重點檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)電(dian)容(rong)型套(tao)管的(de)(de)介質(zhi)(zhi)損耗和電(dian)容(rong)量的(de)(de)變化(hua)，對(dui)(dui)監測數(shu)據進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)綜合(he)性(xing)趨(qu)勢分(fen)析，對(dui)(dui)查(cha)(cha)出有異常的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)要立(li)即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)復試。4 根據現場實(shi)際情況，對(dui)(dui)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)規程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)認真(zhen)修改，補充對(dui)(dui)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)各項參數(shu)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)項目(mu)和條款，完善檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)制(zhi)度和崗位(wei)責任制(zhi)。通過此次事(shi)(shi)故，舉(ju)一反三，對(dui)(dui)其它電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)油(you)質(zhi)(zhi)監督(du)全(quan)部復查(cha)(cha)一遍，發(fa)現問題及時解決，避(bi)(bi)免同類事(shi)(shi)故再次發(fa)生。